ارزیابی اثرات زنیائی و تغییر ژنتیکی (DNA) دانه گرده پسته (Pistacia vera L.) با استفاده از پرتوتابی لیزر اشعه ماوراء بنفش

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

2 استاد گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

3 استادیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

4 استادیار گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

5 مربی پژوهشی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات زنیایی و تغییرات ژنتیکی حاصل از پرتوتابی لیزر UV بر روی دانه گرده پسته انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل که در آن والد نر در سه سطح (m1، m2 و m3) و پایه‌های ماده در سه سطح (ارقام اکبری، کله قوچی و اوحدی) و عامل پرتوتابی دانه گرده در دو سطح (پرتودیده و پرتوندیده) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تکرار اجرا شد. صفات وزن میوه (متوسط وزن دانه در خوشه)، متوسط طول و عرض میوه در خوشه، درصد پوکی و خندانی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد پرتوتابی باعث افزایش وزن دانه در ارقام کله قوچی و اوحدی در تلاقی با نر m1، و در ارقام کله‌قوچی و اکبری در تلاقی با نر m3 و کاهش وزن دانه در ارقام کله قوچی، اوحدی و اکبری در تلاقی با نر m2 گردید. پرتوتابی درصد پوکی را افزایش و درصد خندانی را کاهش داد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر لیزر در ایجاد جهش بر ماده ژنتیکی دانه گرده، DNA استخراج شده از دانه‌های گرده پرتو دیده، پرتو ندیده و تلاقی‌ها مورد تجزیه RAPD قرار گرفت. آغازگرهای مورد استفاده 86 مکان را تکثیرکردند که 76% مکان‌ها چند شکل بودند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای دامنه تشابه ژنتیکی از 78/0 تا 43/0 را نشان داد که حاصل تغییرات ژنتیکی بر اثر پرتوتابی و تنوع بین پایه‌های مادری است. گروه‌بندی جداگانه گرده پرتو دیده و پرتو ندیده در دو گروه مجزا نشان داد که لیزر موجب تغییرات ژنتیکی در DNA دانه گرده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Xenia Effects and Genetical Modification (DNA) of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Pollen Grain Using UV- Laser Radiation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Dalfardi 1
  • Hossein Dashti 2
  • Ali Akbar Mohammadi-mirik 3
  • Mohammad Khanzadeh 4
  • Elham Dehghan 5
1 MSc Student, Department of Biotechnology and Line Breeding, Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan
2 Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Line Breeding, Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Line Breeding, Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan
4 Assistant Professor, Departments of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Vail-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan
5 Lecturer Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the xenia effects and genetic changes caused by UV-laser irradiation on pollen grain in pistachio. A factorial experiment by factors: male parent at three levels (m1, m2 and m3). Female parent in three levels (cultivars Akbari, Kallehghochi and Owhadi) and irradiation on pollen in two levels (irradiated and non-radiated pollen) was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Fruit weight (average weight of grains per spike), length and width of fruit, blank and dehiscence percent were measured. The results showed that, pollen radiation increased the fruit weight in Kallehghochi and Owhadi that crossed with male m1, As well as increased the fruit weight in Kallehghochi and Akbari in cross with male m3 but in all crossed with male m2 the fruit weight was decreased. Radiation of pollen grain increased the blank and reduced the dehiscence percent. To evaluate the effect of UV- laser mutagenesis in the genetic material of the pollen cells, DNA extracted from irradiated and non-irradiated pollen and bulks of the crosses with radiated pollen were analyzed by RAPD 10mer primers. The primers produced a total of 240 bands in 86 amplified sites, of which 76% of them were polymorphic sites. Cluster analysis showed genetic similarity range from 0.43 to 0.78. Resulting of genetic changes due to pollen cell radiation as well as the diversity between maternal parents. Irradiated and non-irradiated pollen placed in two separate groups, showed that the UV-laser radiation caused of genetic changes in the DNA of pollen.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic changes
  • Radiation
  • Female parent
  • RAPD

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دوفصلنامه فن آوری زیستی در کشاورزی(علمی-پژوهشی)
دوره 8، شماره 2
آذر 1396
صفحه 49-58

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