Improvement Of seed Germination of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) by Using In Vitro Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in plant breeding engineering, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

2 Associate professor, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

The hazelnut is one of the major world nut crops and Iran stands in eighth place of its word production. This plant usually is propagated by layering and seed propagation of hazelnut is done rarely owing to hard seed coat and internal dormancy of the seeds. In vitro seed germination can be useful to hazelnut propagation in short time and production of improved cultivars. In this experiment, the effects of light (darkness, light-darkness), pretreatment (cold and GA3), seed form (complete and halved seed) and medium (MS, 1412">  MS, WPM and RMS) have been investigated on seed germination, root length and shoot height. The results showed that seed germination of hazelnut occurred only in darkness and the culture of halved seeds after cold pretreatment on 1412">  MS had the maximum seed germination, while the highest root length (10.8 cm) was obtained by complete seed in MS medium and without pretreatment (control). Also, the maximum height of the shoots (6.9 cm) was obtained by complete seed in RMS medium and without pretreatment. Overall, in vitro culture of the hazelnut seeds, in comparison with classic seed culture in pot, improved the seed germination and the plant production.

Keywords

References

Agrawal, A. and Ram, H. Y. 1995. In Vitro germination and micropropagation of water chestnut (Trapa sp.). Aquatic Botany, 51(1): 135-146.
Anonymous. 2011. Iranian agriculture statistics. Planning and Economic Assistance, Office of Statistics and Information Technology, 2. (In persion).
Anonymous. 2012. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO), Available online: www.faostat.fao.org
Arias, I., Williams, P. M. and Bradbeer, J. W. 1976. Studies in seed dormancy. VII. The abscisic acid content of the seeds and fruits of Corylus avellana L. Planta, 131(2): 135-139.
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds. Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego.
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 2004. Determining dormancy-breaking and germination requirements from the fewest seeds. Ex situ Plant Conservation: Supporting Species Survival in the Wild. 162–179.
Bassil, N.V. Proebsting, W.M., Moore, L.W. and Lightfoot, D.A. 1991. Propagation of hazelnut stem cuttings using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. HortScience, 26(8):1058-1060.
Brgvnyv, F., Germain, A., Valentine. C. and kvyyn, S. 2000. Hazelnuts, cultivated and production. Translated by: Darvishian, M. Entesharat Fani Tehran. 176 pp. (In persion).
Bhattacharya, J. and Khuspe, S.S. 2001. In Vitro and In Vivo germination of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 91(1-2):39-49.
Ciccotti, A.M., Bisognin, C., Battocletti, I., Salvadori, A., Herdemertens, M. and Jarausch, W. 2008. Micropropagation of apple proliferation-resistant apomictic Malus sieboldii genotypes. Agronomy Research, 6(2):445-458.
Conversa, G., Lazzizera, C. and Elia, A. 2010. Effects of after-ripening, stratification and GA3 on dormancy release and on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 125(3):196-202.
Damiano, C., Catenaro, E., Giovinazzi, J., Frattarelli, A. and Caboni, E. 2004. Micropropagation of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Acta Horticulture, 686:221-226.
Dissanayake, P., George, D.L. and Gupta, M.L. 2010. Effect of light, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid on germination of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) seed. Industrial Crops and Products, 32(2):111-117.
George, A.P. and Nissen, R.J. 1987. propagation of annona species: a review. Scientia Horticulturae, 33(1):75-85.
Ghaemmaghami, S. A., Ebrahimzadeh, H. and S. M. Shetabboshehri. 2011. The effects of different concentrations GA3, Kin & TDZ on hazelnut cultured in vitro. In: The 7th National Biotechnology Congress of I. R. Iran 12 – 14 Sep. Tehran.  (In persion).
Ghaemmaghami, S. A., Ebrahimzadeh, H. and Shetabboshehri, S. M. 2010. Effects of some growth regulators on Hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) micropropagation. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 11(3): 187-196. (In persion).
Gholami Dashtaki, T. 2011. Hazelnut unknown gem of Iran: To get familier with hazel (history, birth, ...). Agricultural Science, Tehran, 84 pp. (In persion).
Güleryüza, G., Kırmızı, S., Arslan, H. and Sakar, F. S. 2011. Dormancy and germination in Stachys germanica L. subsp. bithynica (Boiss.) Bhattacharjee seeds: Effects of short-time moist chilling and plant growth regulators. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 206(11): 943-948.
Hartinie, M. and Jualang, G. A. 2007. In vitro germination and plantlet establishment of Labisia pumila (Bl.) F. Vill. Scientia Horticulturae, 115(1): 91-97.
Hartman, H. and Kester, D. 1975. Methods and Rootstocks for the Important Fruit and Nut Specie: Filbert. Plant Propagation. Third Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:554.
Jarvis, B. C. J. and Wilson, D. 1977. Gibberllin effects within hazel (Corylus avellana L.) seeds during the breaking of dormancy. A direct effect of gibberllin on the embryonic axis. New Phytologist, 78(2): 397-401.
Kumar, B., Verma, S.K. and Singh, H. P. 2011. Effect of temperature on seed germination parameters in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees.). Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1): 1241-1244.
Lloyd, G. and McCown, B. 1981.Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Proc International Plant Propagation Society; 30: 421-7.
Mian, M.A.R., Skirvin, R.M. and Norton, M.A. 1995. Drying Interferes with Germination of Blackberry (Rubus sp.) Seeds in Vitro. Hortscience, 30(1): 124-126.
Ogawa, M., Hanada, A., Yamauchi, Y., Kuwahara, A., Kamiya, Y. and Yamaguchi, S. 2003. Gibberellin biosynthesis and response during Arabidopsis seed germination. The Plant Cell Online, 15(7): 1591-1596.
Padilla, I. M.G. and Encina, C.L. 2003. In vitro germination of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 97(3):219-227.
Penfield, S., Josse, E. M., Kannangara, R., Gilday, A. D., Halliday, K. J. and Graham, I. A. 2005. Cold and light control seed germination through the bHLH transcription factor SPATULA. Current Biology, 15(22): 1998-2006.
Pérez, C., Rodríguez, R. and Tamés, R. 1985. “In Vitro” filbert (Corylus avellana L.) micropropagation from shoot and cotyledonary node segments. Plant Cell Reports, 4(3): 137-139.
Ross, J. D. and Bradbeer, J. W. 1968. Concentrations of gibberellin in chilled hazel seeds. nature, 220(5162): 85-86.
Sánchez-Olate, M., Sáez, P., Cartes, P., Alvarez, C. and Ríos, D. 2009. Comparison of root induction in mature filbert (Corylus avellana L.) explants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and indolbutiric acid. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 69(1): 107-111.
Tezuka, T., Yokoyama, H., Tanaka, H., Shiozaki, S. and Oda, M. 2012. Seed and Embryo Germination in Ardisia crenata. Journal of Botany, 1-8.
Thompson, M. M., Lagerstedt, H. B. and Mehlenbacher, S. A. 1996. Hazelnuts, in: J. Wiley and Son (Eds.), Fruit Breeding. New York, 125-184.
Toll-Jubes, T., Martinez, H., Padilla, E. and Oste, C. A. 1975. Effect of mechanical scarification, substrate seed position and gibberllic acid on germination of cherimoya. Revista Agronomica del Noroeste Argentino, 12: 161-172.
Tsiantis, M. 2005. Plant Development: Multiple Strategies for Breaking Seed Dormancy. current biology, 16(1):25-28.
Van der Salm, T. P. M., Van der Toorn, C. J. G., Hänisch ten Cate, C. H., Dubois, L. A. M., De Vries, D. P. and Dons, H. J. M. 1994. Importance of the iron chelate formula for micropropagation of Rosa hybrida L.”Moneyway”. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 37(1): 73-77.
Walter, G. 2011. Developing a micropropagation system for the commercialization of  a hazelnut industry in Ontario. 2/9/2013, www.erieinnovation.com/downloads/garrison.pdf
Yamauchi, Y., Ogawa, M., Kuwahara, A., Hanada, A., Kamiya, Y. and Yamaguchi, S. 2004. Activation of gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathways by low temperature during imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The Plant Cell, 16(2): 367-378.
Yu, X. and Reed, B. M. 1995. A micropropagation system for hazelnuts (Corylus species). HortScience, 30(1): 120-123.
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics