Trends and Future Prospects in Comparative Genomics as a Tool for Studying Evolution

Document Type : Rewive

Authors

1 Researcher of Ilam Agricultural and Natural Research and Education Center, Ilam, Iran

2 PhD Graduate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.

10.22084/ab.2026.31574.1503

Abstract

Comparative genomics is a valuable tool for expanding molecular resources in crop plants, identifying key genes in their development, and studying the evolution of gene families. Tremendous advances in sequencing have opened up new avenues for comparative genomics, enabling researchers to perform large-scale genome-wide comparisons. Comparative genomics involves comparing any type of gene map at any level, from cytological to molecular. The main principle of comparative genomics is that shared features between two organisms should often be encoded in DNA that has been conserved between them during evolution. One of the major goals of this field is to identify the mechanisms of evolution of eukaryotic genomes. Identifying the locus of beneficial genes is an important step in breeding crops that are optimized for higher yield, quality, and disease resistance. This method is not only powerful but also rapid. As DNA sequencing technology has become more powerful and cheaper, comparative genomics has found wider practical applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and zoology as a tool for dissecting subtle differences between species. Such efforts are leading to new insights into some branches of the evolutionary tree, as well as improved health and new strategies for conserving rare and endangered species.

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Agricultural Biotechnology
Volume 14, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 17-27

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