Somatic Embryogenesis in Different Organs of Two Cultivars Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

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Abstract

The lack of efficient and effective systems for in vitro chickpea regeneration is one of the main limitation related to the cellular and genetically manipulation of chickpea. Through tissue culture technology, chickpea breeding and improvement for the development of disease resistant varieties and varieties for high yield can be provided. In the recent decades, for transgenic plants production and gene transfer by new methods such as somatic embryogenesis and callus production, extensive studies are underway. In this study, to induce Somatic embryogenesis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), the cultivars Piruz and Kaka, was used. Different explants (leaf, hypocotyls, epicotyls) were evaluated, as were different culture media, the composition of which varied in the content of plant growth regulators [Zeatin(Zea) 2,4,- chloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Benzyl adenine (BA) and naphtalin acetic acid (NAA)]. The experiments were include two stages. One stage including embryogenic callus and second stage including induction somatic embryos. Embryogenic calli were produced on MS culture medium containing four concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA (2, 3, 4, 5 mg/l). Maximum frequency of embryogenic callus from hypocotyl explants(96.3%) was obtained from the media containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D in Kaka cultivar. Somatic embryos were formed when embryogenic callus were transferred to MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA, 2,4-D, half-strength MS containing 1mg/l Zeatin, and MS Medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l 2,4-D. Maximum frequency of somatic embryos (58.33%) from leaf explants in cultivar Kaka were obtained from the media containing 0.5­mg/l BA and 2,4-D.

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References

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