تنوع فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی استرین‌های Erwinia amylovora عامل بیماری آتشک درختان میوه دانه‌دار در استان سمنان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، شاهرود

2 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات بیماری‌های گیاهی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، تهران

چکیده

بیماری آتشک با عامل Erwinia amylovora یکی از مهمترین بیماری‌های خسارت‌زای درختان میوه دانه­دار به‌ویژه گلابی و به در استان سمنان است. در طی سال‌های 87 و 88 تعداد 80 استرین E. amylovora از میزبان‌های سیب، گلابی، به و رز از مناطق مختلف استان سمنان جداسازی شد و تعداد 50 استرین از نظر ویژگی‌های فنوتیپی، ژنتیکی و احتمال مقاومت به استرپتومایسین و اکسی کلرور مس مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. براساس آزمون‌های فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیکی استرین‌های مورد بررسی به‌عنوان گونه E. amylovoraشناسایی شدند. استرین‌های مذکور گرم منفی، بی‌هوازی اجباری، لوان مثبت و قادر به ایجاد واکنش فوق حساسیت روی برگ‌های توتون بوده و در محیط King’s B رنگدانه فلورسنت ایجاد نکردند. براساس خصوصیات فنوتیپی، دامنه میزبانی و مناطق جغرافیایی تعداد هشت استرین برای بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی انتخاب شد که در انگشت‌نگاری به روش rep-PCR با آغازگرهای ERIC و BOX تمامی جدایه‌ها با جدایه مرجع ATCC 49946 هموژن و یکسان بودند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق مبنی بر عدم ورود استرین‌های مقاوم به آنتی‌بیوتیک و اکسی‌کلرور مس به استان سمنان می‌توان جهت مدیریت این بیماری کماکان از ترکیبات شیمیایی باکتری‌کش موجود در باغات استان استفاده نمود و یکنواختی استرین‌ها کمک خواهد نمود که از یک رویه یکسان در تهیه ارقام مقاوم، پیش آگاهی بیماری و مدیریت تلفیقی آن سود جست. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Erwinia amylovora Strains, Causing Fire Blight Disease of Pome Fruits in Semnan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farkhondeh Ommati 1
  • Abolghaseme Ghasemi 2
  • Masoud Zaker 1
1 Researcher in Plant Diseases, Department of Plant Protection, Shahrood Agricultural Research Center, Shahrood
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Disease Research, Iranian Institute of Plant Protection,Tehran
چکیده [English]

Fire blight of pome fruits caused by Erwinia amylovora is one of the most devastating disease especially on pear and quince in Semnan province. A total of eighty strains were isolated from different localities and hosts including apple, pear, quince and rose during 2006-2007. Fifty strains were studied for their phenotypic characteristics, genotypic variability, pathogenicity and also resistance to streptomycin and cupper oxychloride. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and morphological features, tested strains were identified as E. amylovora. They were Gram negative, formed levan, facultative anaerobic and induced hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco leaves. They did not produce fluorescent pigment on King`s B medium. On the basis of Phenotypic features, host rang and geographical distribution, eight representatives were selected for evaluating the genetic diversity among them, by rep-PCR using ERIC and BOX primers. All strains were identical to ATCC 49946 strain. On the basis of these experiments no resistance to antibiotics and copper oxychloride was found among the E. amylovora strains causing fire blight of pome fruit trees in Semnan province, therefore chemical bactericides can be safely used in an integrated management program of the disease in Semnan province orchards and this similarity may help to follow a similar method in selecting resistant varieties and forecasting of the disease management. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • Pear
  • Quince
  • Antibiotic
  • Resistance

مراجع

Afunian, M., Mohammadi, M. and Rahimian, H. 2000. Phenotypic characteristics of Iranian strains of Erwinia amylovora (Buril)Winslow et al., causal agent of fire blight of apple, pear and quince. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 31(3): 463-476.
Ali, B. and Niknejad Kazempour, M. 2004. Erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight on apple and pear trees in Guilan province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian plant protection congress, Tabriz. Iran. (28 Aug.-1 Sep. 2004). 422. (Abstract.).
Barionovi, D., Giorgi, S., Stoeger, A. R., Ruppitsch, W. and Scortichini, M. 2006. Characterization of Erwinia amylovora strains from different host plants using repetitivesequences PCR analysis, and restriction fragment length polymorphism and short-sequence DNA repeat of plasmid pEA29. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100: 1084-1094.
Burr, T. J., Norlli, J. L., Katz, B., Wilcox, W. F. and Hoying, S. A. 1988. Streptomycin resistance of Pseudomonas syringae pv. populans in apple orchards and its association with a conjugative plasmid. Phytopathology, 78: 410-413.
Chiou, C. S. and Jones, A. L. 1991. The analysis of plasmid-mediated streptomycine resistance in Erwinia amylovora. Phytopathology, 81: 710-714.
De Bruijn, F. J. 1992. Use of repetitive (repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus) sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to fingerprint the genomes of Rhizobium meliloti isolates and other soil bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58: 2180-2187.
Dye, D. W. 1968. A taxonomic study of genus Erwinia 1. The "amylovora" group. New Zealand Journal of Science, 11: 590-607.
Fahy, P. C. and Hayward, A. C. 1983. Media and methods for isolation and diagnostic tests. In: Fahy, P. C. and Persley, G. J. (Ed.). Plant Bacterial Disease, A Diagnostic Guide. Academic Press. Australia. pp. 337-378.
Hugh, R. and Leifson, E. 1953. The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram negative bacterria. Journal of Bacteriology, 66(1): 24-26.
James, W. C. 1971. An illustrated series of assessment keys for plant diseases. Canadian Journal of Plant Disease Survey, 51: 39-65.
Kim, W. S., Jock, S., Geider, K., Rhim, S. L., Volksch, B., Paulin, J. P. and Gardan, L. 1999. Characterization of a new Erwinia species affecting Asian pear trees. Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Fireblight. Acta Horticulturae, 489: 201-204.
Klement, Z., Farkas, G. L. and Lovrekovich, L. 1963. Hypersensitive Reaction induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in the Tobacco leaf. Phytopathology, 54: 474-477.
Kovacs, N. 1956. Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature, 178: 703.
Lelliott, R. A. and Stead, D. E. 1987. Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Black Well Scientific Publications, Oxford. 216 pp.
Loper, J. F., Henkels, M. D., Roberts, R. G., Grove, G. G., Willett, M. J. and Smith, T. J. 1991. Evaluation of streptomycine, oxytetracycline and copper resistance of Erwinia amylovora isolates from pear orchards in Washington State. Plant Disease, 75: 287-290.
Louws, F. J., Fulbright, D. W., Stephens, C. T. and De Bruijn, F. J. 1994. Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequence and PCR. Applied Environmental Microbiolgy, 60: 2286-2295.
Maloy, S. R. 1990. Experimental Techniques in Bacterial Genetics. Jones and Bartlett publisher. Boston. USA. 180 pp.
Manulis, S., Zutra, D., Kleitman, F., Dror, O., Shabi, E., Zilberstaine, M. and David, I. 1999. Streptomycin resistance of Erwinia amylovora in Israel and occurrence of fire blight in pear orchards in the autumn. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 489: VIII International Workshop on Fire Blight. 
Mazarei, M., Zakeri, Z. and Hasanzadeh, N. 1994. Fire blight situation on fruit trees in West Azarbaygan and Ghazvin provinces. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 30 (1-4): 25-32. (In Persian with English Abstract).
McManus, P. S. and Jones, A. L. 1995. Genetic fingerprinting of Erwinia amylovora strains isolated from tree fruit crops and Rubus spp. Phytopathology, 85: 1547-1553.         
Misaghi, I. and Grogan, R. G. 1969. Nutritional and biochemical comparisons of plant pathogenic and saprophytic fluorescent Pseudomonas. Phytopathology, 59: 1436-1450.
Mohan, S. K., and Thomson, S. V. 1996. An outbreak of fire blight in plums. Acta Horticulturae, 411: 73-76.
Momol, M. T., Momol, E. A., Lamboy, W. F., Noreelli, J. L., Beer, S. V. and Aldwinckle, H. S. 1997. Characterization of Erwinia amylovora strains using random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 82: 389-398.
Norelli, J. L., Aldwinkle, H. S. and Beer, S. V. 1984. Differential host × pathogen interaction among cultivars of apple and stains of Erwinia amylovora. Phytopathology, 74: 136-139.
Omidvar, R., Shamsbakhsh, M. and Rahimian, H. 2006. Characterization of Iranian Erwinia amylovora strains using biochemical tests and RAPD-PCR method. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 42 (4): 673-686. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Ordax, M., Marco–Noales, E., Lopez, M. M. and Biosca, E. G. 2006. Copper induces a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in Erwinia amylovora. Acta Horticulturae, 704: 205-210.
Rademaker, J. L. W., Louw, F. J. and De Bruijn, F. J. 1997. Characterization of the diversity of ecologically important microbes by rep –PCR fingerprinting. in: Akkermans, A. D. L., Van-Elsas, J. D. and De Bruijn, F. J. (Ed.) Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual Suppl. 3. Pp 1-26. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
Rico, A., Führer, M. E., Ortiz-Barredo, A. and Murillo, J. 2008. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Erwinia amylovora has a limited phylogenetic value but allows the design of highly specific molecular markers. Phytopathology, 98: 260-269.  
Robertson, A. E., Fortnum, B. A., Wood, T. C. and Klueofel, D. A. 2001. Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum in the Southeastern United States. Beitrage Zur Tabakforschung International, 19(7): 323-331.
Schaad, N. W. 1988. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 2nd ed. APS Press, USA. 158 pp.
Sahandpour, A. and Ghasemi. A. 2004. Incidence of fire blight in Fars province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian plant protection congress, Tabriz. Iran. (28 Aug.-1 sep. 2004). 429. (Abstract).
Schroth, M. N., Thomson, S. V. and Moller, W. J. 1971. Streptomycin resistance in Erwinia amylovora. Phytopathology, 69: 565-568.
Starr, M. P., Cardona, C. and Folson, D. 1951. Bacterial fire blight of raspberry.Phytopathology, 41: 915-919.
Suslow, T. V., Schroth, M. N. and Isaka, M. 1982. Application of a rapid method for gram differentiation of plant pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria without staining. Phytopathology, 72: 917-918.
Thornley, M. J. 1960. The differentiation of Pseudomonas from other Gram negative bacteria on the basis of arginine metabolism. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 13: 37-52.
Van der Zwet, T. and Keil, H. L. 1979. Fire Blight a Bacterial Disease of Rosaceae Plants. Agriculture Handbook No. 510. US Department of Agriculture, Washinhton DC.
Vanneste, J. L. 2000. Fire Blight: The Disease and its Causative Agent, Erwiniaamylovora. CABI Publishing. Wallingford. UK. 388 pp.
Versalovic, J., Schneider, M., De Bruijn, F. J. and Lupski, J. R. 1994. Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Methods in Molecular and Cellular Biology, 5: 25-40.
Zakeri, Z. and Sharifnabi, B. 1991. Fire blight of pear in Karaj. Proceedings of the 10th Iranian plant protection congress, Kerman. Iran. Pag: 157. (Abstract).
Zohur, A. and Rahmani-Moghadam, N. 2004. Occurrence of fire blight in Khorasan province. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian plant protection congress, Tabriz. Iran. (28 Aug.-1 sep. 2004). 423. (Abstract).
دوفصلنامه فن آوری زیستی در کشاورزی(علمی-پژوهشی)
دوره 7، شماره 1
خرداد 1395
صفحه 45-51

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار